I have a question on this article. It lack of a strong theoretical framework for the ADHD Link.While the study suggests opioid-induced changes in fetal brain structure, it does not sufficiently explain why this would specifically increase ADHD risk.
ADHD is known to have multifactorial causes, including genetics, prenatal stress, and environmental influences. Opioid exposure could be one factor among many, but the study does not clearly establish a direct causal pathway between opioid use and ADHD symptoms.